3,638 research outputs found
From New London to Norwood: A Year in the Life of Eminent Domain
A little more than a year after the U.S. Supreme Court\u27s decision in Kelo v. City of New London upheld the use of eminent domain for economic development, the Ohio Supreme Court became the first state supreme court to address a factual situation raising the same issues. In City of Norwood v. Horney, the Ohio court repudiated the Kelo rationale and rejected Norwood\u27s proposed takings. Property rights advocates quickly hailed Norwood as a model for other state courts to follow in defending individual land owners from eminent domain abuse. This Note argues that Norwood\u27s holding is incoherent and does nothing to resolve the language-based quagmire that inflames the eminent domain debate. This Note instead contends that the Connecticut Supreme Court\u27s more nuanced Kelo v. City of New London opinion is a superior state court model, which better captures the necessary balance between individual property rights and urban revitalization plans involving eminent domain
Charge Offset Stability in Si Single Electron Devices with Al Gates
We report on the charge offset drift (time stability) in Si single electron
devices (SEDs) defined with aluminum (Al) gates. The size of the charge offset
drift (0.15 ) is intermediate between that of Al/AlO/Al tunnel junctions
(greater than 1 ) and Si SEDs defined with Si gates (0.01 ). This range
of values suggests that defects in the AlO are the main cause of the charge
offset drift instability
Einstein Radii from Binary Lensing Events
We show that the Einstein ring radius and transverse speed of a lens
projected on the source plane, and , can be
determined from the light curve of a binary-source event, followed by the
spectroscopic determination of the orbital elements of the source stars. The
determination makes use of the same principle that allows one to measure the
Einstein ring radii from finite-source effects. For the case when the orbital
period of the source stars is much longer than the Einstein time scale, , there exists a single two-fold degeneracy in determining
. However, when the degeneracy can
often be broken by making use of the binary-source system's orbital motion.
%Once , and thus are determined, one can
%distinguish self-lensing events in the Large Magellanic Cloud %from Galactic
halo events. For an identifiable 8\% of all lensing events seen toward the
Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC), one can unambiguously determine whether the
lenses are Galactic, or whether they lie in the LMC itself. The required
observations can be made after the event is over and could be carried out for
the events seen by Alcock et al.\ and Aubourg et al.. In addition, we
propose to include eclipsing binaries as sources for gravitational lensing
experiments.Comment: 18 pages, revised version, submitted to Ap
STM studies of epitaxial graphene
This article reviews the use of scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS) to characterize the physical and electronic properties of epitaxial graphene. Topographical variations revealed by STM allow the determination of the number of graphene layers and the detection of lattice mismatch between the graphene and the substrate, as well as rotational disorder. STS allows the local electronic characterization of graphene. STM/STS can also be used to perform local studies of graphene modification through processes such as atomic/molecular adsorption and intercalation
Multiwavelength transit observations of the candidate disintegrating planetesimals orbiting WD 1145+017
We present multiwavelength, ground-based follow-up photometry of the white dwarf WD 1145+017, which has recently been suggested to be orbited by up to six or more short-period, low-mass, disintegrating planetesimals. We detect nine significant dips in flux of between 10% and 30% of the stellar flux in our ~32 hr of photometry, suggesting that WD 1145+017 is indeed being orbited by multiple, short-period objects. Through fits to the asymmetric transits that we observe, we confirm that the transit egress is usually longer than the ingress, and that the transit duration is longer than expected for a solid body at these short periods, all suggesting that these objects have cometary tails streaming behind them. The precise orbital periods of the planetesimals are unclear, but at least one object, and likely more, have orbital periods of ~4.5 hr. We are otherwise unable to confirm the specific periods that have been reported, bringing into question the long-term stability of these periods. Our high-precision photometry also displays low-amplitude variations, suggesting that dusty material is consistently passing in front of the white dwarf, either from discarded material from these disintegrating planetesimals or from the detected dusty debris disk. We compare the transit depths in the V- and R-bands of our multiwavelength photometry, and find no significant difference; therefore, for likely compositions, the radius of single-size particles in the cometary tails streaming behind the planetesimals must be ~0.15 μm or larger, or ~0.06 μm or smaller, with 2σ confidence
Methanesulfonate in the firn of King George Island, Antarctica
Methanesulfonate was investigated as a potential contributor to the sulfur budget, based on analysis of a firn core from Collins Ice Cap, King George Island, Antarctica (62°10\u27 S, 58°50\u27 W). The anion was found to be present at a mean concentration of 0.17 μeq L-1, with a maximum of 0.73 μeq L-1. Dating based on the δ18O profile suggests that the principal peaks of methanesulfonate are associated with snow deposited in summer and autumn. A careful examination of MSA, SO42-and nssSO42- profiles indicates that two of the three peaks in the MSA profile mayresult mainlyfrom migration and relocation of MSA. The mechanism responsible for this might be similar to that for deep cores from other Antarctic glaciers, supporting the migration hypothesis proposed by prior researchers and extending it to near-temperate ice. Due to the post-depositional modification, the main part of the MSA profile of the firn is no longer indicative of the seasonal pattern of MSA in the atmosphere, and the basis for calculation of the MSA/nssSO42- ratio should be changed. The MSA/nssSO42- ratio obtained bya new computation is 0.22, 10% higher than that ignoring the effect of MSA migration
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Microbiota-Produced N-Formyl Peptide fMLF Promotes Obesity-Induced Glucose Intolerance.
The composition of the gastrointestinal microbiota and associated metabolites changes dramatically with diet and the development of obesity. Although many correlations have been described, specific mechanistic links between these changes and glucose homeostasis remain to be defined. Here we show that blood and intestinal levels of the microbiota-produced N-formyl peptide, formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine, are elevated in high-fat diet-induced obese mice. Genetic or pharmacological inhibition of the N-formyl peptide receptor Fpr1 leads to increased insulin levels and improved glucose tolerance, dependent upon glucagon-like peptide 1. Obese Fpr1 knockout mice also display an altered microbiome, exemplifying the dynamic relationship between host metabolism and microbiota. Overall, we describe a new mechanism by which the gut microbiota can modulate glucose metabolism, providing a potential approach for the treatment of metabolic disease
Multiwavelength Transit Observations of the Candidate Disintegrating Planetesimals Orbiting WD 1145+017
We present multiwavelength, multi-telescope, ground-based follow-up
photometry of the white dwarf WD 1145+017, that has recently been suggested to
be orbited by up to six or more, short-period, low-mass, disintegrating
planetesimals. We detect 9 significant dips in flux of between 10% and 30% of
the stellar flux from our ground-based photometry. We observe transits deeper
than 10% on average every ~3.6 hr in our photometry. This suggests that WD
1145+017 is indeed being orbited by multiple, short-period objects. Through
fits to the multiple asymmetric transits that we observe, we confirm that the
transit egress timescale is usually longer than the ingress timescale, and that
the transit duration is longer than expected for a solid body at these short
periods, all suggesting that these objects have cometary tails streaming behind
them. The precise orbital periods of the planetesimals in this system are
unclear from the transit-times, but at least one object, and likely more, have
orbital periods of ~4.5 hours. We are otherwise unable to confirm the specific
periods that have been reported, bringing into question the long-term stability
of these periods. Our high precision photometry also displays low amplitude
variations suggesting that dusty material is consistently passing in front of
the white dwarf, either from discarded material from these disintegrating
planetesimals or from the detected dusty debris disk. For the significant
transits we observe, we compare the transit depths in the V- and R-bands of our
multiwavelength photometry, and find no significant difference; therefore, for
likely compositions the radius of single-size particles in the cometary tails
streaming behind the planetesimals in this system must be ~0.15 microns or
larger, or ~0.06 microns or smaller, with 2-sigma confidence.Comment: 16 pages, 12 figures, submitted to ApJ on October 8th, 201
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